GEORGE CLEGG - PIONEER BREEDER OF TOP QUARTER HORSES

Thanks to Robert Clegg reclegg@worldnet.att.net for submitting this article.

George A. Clegg is best known for his knowledge of fine horses, particularly Quarter Horses. Just get among a group of Quarter Horse people discussing the old time quarter horse breeders and the name George Clegg of Alice, Texas always comes up.

Upon the death of George Clegg, the House of Representatives, State of Texas, passed a resolution in tribute to the life of George A. Clegg which recognized his fame as an expert in his knowledge of thoroughbred horses and cattle.

George Clegg is recognized in the Cowboy Hall of Fame in Oklahoma City, and in the American Quarter Horse Association Hall of Fame in Amarillo, Texas, and I have even seen his name in the famous "Horse Park museum in Lexington, Kentucky. He is usually always mentioned in the numerous books written on the King Ranch of South Texas.

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The following text is the bio written on him for the "Cowboy Hall of Fame":

GEORGE AUSTIN CLEGG, ALICE, TEXAS

RANCHER & BREEDER, born to Dora Power & Austin Hamilton Clegg on 4/22/1872 at Mission Valley, Dewitt County , Tx. Attended schools in Dewitt County, Tx, St. Joseph's College of Victoria, Texas & Waco Business College. He owned acreage in Jim Wells County and leased another 80,000 acres in McMullen, Live Oak, and Duval Counties in Texas where he kept commercial cattle and quarter horses. He married Letitia Nichols on 7/12/1897 and they had two children: George Bell and Christine Elizabeth Phillips. Member of the National Quarter Horse Breeders Association, AQHA; held office as Chairman of Board - National Quarter Horse Breeders Association in 1948. He held many honors and is probably best know for his Top Quarter Horses and his association with the south Texas King Ranch Quarter Horse Program. Died on 1/1019/59.

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The following text is the bio written on him for the "American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame":

GEORGE CLEGG

Certainly any student of Quarter Horse history knows the name "George Clegg". Born in 1873 near Cuero, Texas, Clegg began ranching and breeding Quarter Horses in the Alice, Texas area in 1904, and was no doubt an influence on his friend, Ott Adams. Clegg acquired Hickory Bill, a son of Peter McCue, in 1911, and later raised such noted horses as Texas Star, Ed Echols, Cotton Eyed Joe, Little Rondo and Little Joe. Indeed, it was George Clegg who sold a weaning colt to the King Ranch for $150 in 1916. That colt was trailed from Alice to Kingsville, where he grew up known as the Old Sorrel.

George Clegg died in 1959 Like many others of his time, the Depression of the Thirties forced Clegg into hard times, but not before he had made his mark on the Quarter Horse breed. George Clegg became an initial stockholder of AQHA during the first organizational meeting in 1940, and continued as a supporter throughout his life.

In attendance for the induction of George Clegg was his grandson, George Phillips of Beeville, Texas, Phillips' wife Mildred and sister-in-law Bess Perry.

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The most interesting, I feel, of all that has been written about George Clegg is the story that appeared in the "Quarter Horse Journal" in January 1959, the very month of his death. This story was written by Garford Wilkinson after interviewing Mr. Clegg just a short time before his death when both, the author and Mr. Clegg, knew his time was very near.

The entire text of that story follows:

GEORGE CLEGG - PIONEER BREEDER OF TOP QUARTER HORSES
By Garford Wilkinson

In his comfortable, moderately large home near the outskirts of Alice, Texas, 86-year old George Clegg acknowledged by numerous persons as one of the world's greatest authorities on Quarter Horses; respectfully referred to by others as "that race horse man", calmly approaches the finish line of man's greatest race.

That George Clegg has made important, tangible contributions to the Quarter Horse breed is confirmed by many who versed in the history of this industry.

Since early boyhood, George Clegg experienced a preponderant love and respect for good Quarter Horses generally and for running Quarter Horses in particular. and although a lifetime of breeding and racing Quarter Horses brought rewarding renown and success, his affinity for good and fast horses engendered personal problems.

In fact, an almost inherent love for racing nearly prevented George Clegg from marrying the girl he loved in 1891. The mother of his intended bride possessed an absolute dislike of all persons who raced, bet on, or attended horse races.

But for young George Clegg, a youth who had learned to cope successfully with rattlesnakes, cattle thieves from the nearby Mexican border, and outlaw horses, threats of a prospective mother-in-law were easily dispelled. He eloped with the girl!

The marriage continued happily for both George and his bride, the former Lacrucia Nichols, until a tragic accident in 1929 took the life of Lacrucia.

"That was the saddest day of my life," said Mr. Clegg. "We were returning from the Rio Grande Valley. I was driving. The worst part of it all," he added, "Lacrucia never actually enjoyed going to races." Mr. Clegg wept as he recollected the fateful day.

The task of summarizing an individual's long, varied, useful life is not easy. With respect to George Clegg's Quarter Horse career, it is safe to assume that probably no living breeder has contributed more to good bloodlines than this native Texan. But no true measure of a man's life can be made by looking only at his vocation. For other qualities of this particular individual it is helpful to turn to his neighbors. Back in January, 1932, the editor of The Alice News wrote this tribute: "Where there is suffering, sorrow and affliction, regardless of color, race, creed or previous condition of servitude, George Clegg is always among the first to extend a helping hand".

Notwithstanding, the many noted Quarter Horses he has owned, bred and raced; despite the legends related to his resourcefulness in matching wits with other well-known race horse men of the by-gone times, Mr. Clegg may be remembered for the part he shared in establishing the now world-famous King Ranch Quarter Horse breeding industry.

Mr. Clegg recalls that one day in 1916 he was showing 1200 steers on his ranch to Tom East. The late Caesar Kleberg, co-owner of the King Ranch, was riding with Mr. Clegg and Mr. East.

"Tom and I made the trade on the steers," said Mr. Clegg, and were riding back across the pasture when Mr. Kleberg's gaze focused on a suckling colt sired by Hickory Bill. He bought the colt for $150. We didn't have trucks in those days, so I trailed the colt, behind his mother, 23 miles to the King Ranch at Kingville, Texas." The colt was Old Sorrel.

My partner in those days was J. C. McGill," Mr. Clegg recalled. "He went to Del Rio and bought a carload of horses. When the horses arrived, I told McGill I wanted four of those mares; that I would replace them with others which were in good shape and would sell better than the newly purchased ones. Old Sorrel's mother was one of those mares."

George was born and reared on a ranch near Cuero, Texas. His father, a native of Arkansas, ran away from home to join the Confederate army. At the close of the War Between the States, he was mustered out of the army in Texas, where he soon became a rancher. His father died when George was quite young and the youth remained on the ranch with his mother, two brothers and a sister, until he married. The couple settled on a small place owned by his wife near Cuero. George began buying and trading cattle. He later acquired his own place and, with leased land, at one time had 85,000 acres of pasture in McMullen, Live Oak, and Duval counties, with headquarters near San Diego, Texas, where he ran upwards of 5,000 steers.

"It seems as if I've always been interested in racing," he mused. "We'd ride horseback to school, and evenings after class many of the boys would run matched races. One day my horse stumbled and I came up with a broken collarbone. Lord, how I hated to tell my mother that I'd been racing."

Mr. Clegg's education about the difference between good and very good horses began on a day in 1895 when Clay McGonigal rode into the country where Mr. Clegg lived. "A lot of us young fellows thought we were pretty fancy ropers and we matched every offer by Mr. McGonigal. When the dust settled we had been cleaned out. Right there I learned that a good roper also needs a mighty good horse."

Later on, Buck Power, an uncle of George Clegg, got the youngster interested in racing horses for money.

After moving to Alice in 1904, then a small frontier-like settlement, Mr. Clegg began acquiring good Quarter Horse stock. Among the jockeys who rode for him was one who had formerly worked for Samuel Watkins, owner of the Little Grove Stock Farm at Petersburg, Illinois. Mr. Watkins owned Peter McCue before this famous horse was shipped west.

In 1911, this jockey received a letter from Mrs. Watkins, saying her husband had died and that she wanted to sell all the horses.

"I was impressed by the stories related by this jockey," said Mr. Clegg, "and following some correspondence with Mrs. Watkins I sent a boy up to Illinois for Hickory Bill, a son of Peter McCue; a two-year-old gelding named Hunter and two mares, Lucretia M. and Hattie W."

Mr. Clegg started breeding Hickory Bill to his Little Joe mares. "That is when I actually got started with good Quarter Horses," he recalled.

Hickory Bill, a four-year-old when Mr. Clegg purchased him, sired a number of great horses, the most famous of which was Old Sorrel. Among other great sons of Hickory Bill, however, was Old Albert, which Mr. Clegg sold to J. J. O'Brien of Refugio, Texas. Old Albert was an outstanding breeder, according to Mr. Clegg. Hickory Bill was never raced by Mr. Clegg who crossed him back on Little Joe mares to get fine race and cow horses.

"In the early days the King Ranch had a great many wonderful Thoroughbred and Standard Bred horses, but the owners came to realize they needed good Quarter Horses with 'cow sense" and maneuverability to cope with their Brahman cattle in the brush country," said Mr. Clegg. "That is how it happened that Old Sorrel became the foundation sire for the King Ranch Quarter Horses."

Old Sorrel was bred to the age of 28. His last colt was Hired Hand, owned by the King Ranch. Among his other sons are Silver King, owned by Rex Cauble, Houston, Texas; Red Rattler, owned by Dan J. Garrison, Junction, Texas; and Old Man, owned by W. H. More, Miami, Texas.

Old Sorrel was 29 when he died July 17, 1945. His remains are buried on the King Ranch, beneath the cornerstone of the ranch's Quarter Horse barn; a fitting tribute to a most remarkable horse.

Reminiscencing about the prowess of Old Sorrel, Dr. J. K. Northway, long-time veterinarian on the King Ranch and widely know in his own right as an authority on Quarter Horse breeding, said, "Old Sorrel proved to us that he was great breeder. He produced uniformity in his first crop of foals and continued to do so to the very last. We used him exclusively on a selected band of outstanding mares and the splendid results of this breeding are known throughout the Quarter Horse industry."

Turning his attention to the subject of Mr. Clegg, Dr. Northway was generous in his praise of the veteran breeder.

"I have known Mr. Clegg since 1916," said Dr. Northway. He has bred some of the best Quarter Horses in this country and possibly more good ones than any other man of his generation."

"My earliest recollection of Mr. Clegg," said Dr. Northway, "dates back to one night in 1916 when he sent word requesting that I treat a sick horse on his place near Alice. I was at a dance in Kingsville when the message arrived. When my friends learned that I was going over to Mr. Clegg's to treat a horse, several volunteered to accompany me. We arrived near midnight. Mr. Clegg answered our knock by coming to the door dressed in a nightgown. He said his horse had improved but invited us to look at it. The horse, we learned, apparently felt fine. Mr. Clegg went back to bed, we returned to the dance and from that night on I've known and respected Mr. Clegg."

Dr. Northway said that Mr. Clegg has owned and bred good horses for more than a half century. He remembers that the premier horseman once owned an especially good group of mares that he called "my little wax dolls."

Leaning forward over a desk in his modern, well-staffed office on the King Ranch, Dr. Northway's manner grew tense as his mind drew back the curtain from the past, sensing the drama of historically famous horseflesh that had performed in the southern vastness of the Lone Star State.

'I once saw Little Joe race," said Dr. Northway. "I was just a kid at the time and the match was staged in San Antonio. The rivalry could be felt in the seriousness of the crowd; the betting was terrific. Little Joe won going away."

Dr. Northway's mention of Little Joe brought to mind a story that had long-since become a legend in the southwest.

George Clegg still believes Little Joe was the fastest horse he ever saw race. All accounts of the famous steed's life, coupled with Mr. Clegg's memory of him, show that he lost only one race in his long, fascinating career.

Dow and Will Shely, who ranched near Alfred, Texas, owned the noted Traveler as partners. They got their first colts from Traveler in 1904, the year Mr. Clegg moved into Alice. Among them was Little Joe.

Mr. Clegg purchased Little Joe as a yearling colt in 1905 from Dow Shely. The colt was shipped in a crate to the Clegg home.

"When the colt arrived,"said Mr. Clegg, "I called to my wife to inspect the latest addition to my place. She took one look at him and exclaimed, "My goodness, George, you gave $250 for that thing and I can put him in a chicken coop."

Mr. Clegg recalled that he raced Little Joe six or seven years.

"Lacrucia and I were eating breakfast at this very table," Mr. Clegg said recently. "It was the day I was to race Little Joe against Ace of Hearts, one of the top horses of this country."

"Honey," I said, "I dreamed last night that Little Joe lost his race with that Ace horse by a head."

"My wife," he related, "scolded me for telling a dream before breakfast, but I had no belief in such foolishness."

Mr. Clegg defends Little Joe even in his only loss.

"We were oust-maneuvered that day," said Mr. Clegg. "Backers of Ace of Hearts wouldn't let me use my regular jockey and the boy I substituted wasn't acquainted with the horse. Little Joe ran through the quarter mile track twice, while Ace of Hearts stood perfectly still at the starting line. Then on the third start, both horses took off clean. It was a good race, however Little Joe lost by a head, just as he did in my dream."

In 1913, Mr. Clegg traded Little Joe, whose racing career had been terminated by an injury, to Ott Adams, another pioneer Quarter Horse breeder who also lives near Alice, considered by veteran breeders as among the southwest's foremost Quarter Horsemen. In return for Little Joe, Mr. Clegg got El Rey, another Traveler stallion, foaled by a half sister of Little Joe. Later on, Mr. Clegg sold El Rey to Tom East.

The most renowned of Little Joe's sons included Joe Moore and Zantanon.

Little Joe was later acquired by the Cardwell family at Junction, Texas, where he remained until his death. The horse's remains were transported by Ott Adams for burial on his place. The site is commemorated by a suitable tombstone.

"That photograph of Little Joe," said Dr. Northway, pointing to a picture his secretary handed to him, "is typical of the great Quarter Horses of that day."

Dr. Northway remembers that Little Joe's last daughter, Lady of the Lake, lost her only maiden race because she didn't get a good start. Often called the Blue Mare, Lady of the Lake raced successfully in Texas, Louisiana, Mexico and California prior to 1935. It was said of her that she ran only fast enough to win.

Returning his discussion to his long-time friend, Dr. Northway said he had always admired George Clegg. "He truly is a great man, with a spirit that never acknowledged defeat. Through good times and periods of adversity, Mr. Clegg held firmly to high principals. His integrity was beyond question; his word was his bond."

The close relationship between the Klebergs of the King Ranch and George Clegg that had been founded in the early years of this century has remained steadfast to the present. No greater could have been paid by the owners of the King Ranch to a noble friend than their presentation last summer of Wimpy, the number one horse in the Registry of the American Quarter Horse Association to Mr. Clegg.

Wimpy, champion stallion at the 1941 Fort Worth Quarter Horse Show, is a descendant of Old Sorrel.

Described by Dr, Northway as one of the great cow horses of all time, who produced many fine individuals for the King Ranch, Wimpy is symbolic of the American Quarter Horse Association and the breed which it represents. He also seems to be a symbol of the King Ranch and Mr. Clegg who introduced the Klebergs to the Quarter Horse breed.

Mr. Clegg is mindful of the honor accorded him by the King Ranch and is grateful for it. But afflictions of age coupled with prolonged illness, which now keeps him virtually bedfast, resulted in his decision early last fall to sell Wimpy. Knowing that he could not give the famous old horse the care it deserved, Mr. Clegg consented through a friend, W. H. Plummer of Houston, Texas to sell Wimpy to Rex Cauble of the J. R. Cauble Ranch, Centerville, Texas. Thus it appears certain that Wimpy's last days will be spent in knee-deep in clover, with all humanitarium, scientific care know to man.

In other years, George Clegg, who has owned and bred many of the grand old Quarter Horse stallions which have played such an important role in the Quarter Horse industry, showed and raced many horses for the King Ranch.

"We once had a horse named Nobody's Friend and another one called Don Manners," Dr. Northway said. "We sent Mr. Clegg with these horses to Tucson, Arizona, for a race meet. Not long after the race we received a call from Mr. Clegg, explaining that Nobody's Friend had been defeated by Clabber; saying that he was broke, and asking for instructions. I told Mr. Clegg to hold the phone until I could get orders from Caesar Kleberg. After I Had related Mr. Clegg's predicament to Mr. Kleberg and asked for instructions, Mr Kleberg studied the situation for a moment and then replied: "Tell George to stomp out the fire and come home."

Dr. Northway remembers, however, that among Mr. Clegg's many qualities was an inflexible belief in his own racing ability.

"I don't know about Mr. Clegg stomping out the fire," Dr. Northway continued, "but I do recall that he stayed on to race Don Manners to a win that was sufficient to get him home with ample money to spare." Dr. Northway said no one ever learned where Mr. Clegg got the cash to finance his bets on the horse in his care. Proprietors of the King Ranch never bet on their horses, voiced no objections when their employees did.

George Clegg operated in the age that boasted such other outstanding breeders and race horse men as Tom Burns, Will and Dow Shely, Johnny Dial, John Fox, Ott Adams and many others, some of whom grew up together in the open ranch country. They all had comparatively fast horses.

One Sunday afternoon in the late 1880's, it is related, young Burns, Dial and Clegg were riding up to a country store whose porch was lavishly decorated by a covey of fair young maidens. The cowboys were intent on making a favorable impression upon the galaxy of silk, satin and spice, when a stray steer burst across the road in front of the riders.

Quick as a flash, George Clegg twirled his lariat and shouted, "I'll catch him." But Tom Burns, with one eye on the gallery of girls and the other half on the calf, also took off in hot pursuit of George and the steer. Unfortunately for George, Tom had a faster horse that day. He over-took the steer ahead of George, threw his loop and caught the animal around the neck. George's loop settled around the steer's hind leg. For a moment it looked as if Tom had won the acclaim of the beautiful girls, but George's quick wit, which was to become so important in later life, saved a percentage of the spotlight for him.

Turning to the girls and snapping his fingers, he exclaimed, "We do it every time."

Everyone there, the story goes, knew George Clegg was fibbing, but it made a great hit with the girls.

Life was kind to George Clegg. His cattle thrived on the 80,000 acre spread, his horses won a majority of their races, carried rodeo hands to world championships; buyers from the distant states knew and respected the Lazy S brand on his cattle and the Laying Down Bar on the left shoulders of his horses. He and his wife, Lacrucia, their son, George Bell Clegg, and their daughter, Christine, lived happily in a pleasant home close to the roots of good pasture, prosperous cattle and horseflesh.

Then all was swept away. The cruel national depression, augmented by a crippling drouth in the early 1920's, brought word from Mr. Clegg's Chicago bankers to close out. Horses were cheap. Mr. Clegg sold 55 of his best ones to the King Ranch for $2500. When time came to survey the carnage, George Clegg was broke.

He made several comebacks, mixed with reverses, though none so tragic as the initial one.

"I had to keep going on." said Mr. Clegg. "Although I lost all my leased land and owed a great deal of money, I started a dairy on 1160 acres that I owned here at the edge of Alice. Lacrucia and I were in partnership on the dairy, but I think she had the best of the deal," he remembered, smiling. "I bought the feed for the dairy cattle and she took the profits." At any rate, the dairy operation helped him to begin rebuilding his Quarter Horse breeding band.

George Clegg's friend and neighbors cannot recall any time that he ever admitted defeat.

There was the time he had placed large bets with owners and backers of some fast horses just across the Guadalupe River. he date and hour for the race had been set. In those days, when all arrangements had been completed and bets posted, failure to race forfeited all bets. The day before the big race was to be run, the Guadalupe went on a rampage. Men across the river from George Clegg's place were jubilant, for they knew the Clegg horses couldn't swim the river and still win their races. They reasoned that George Clegg was bested, but they reckoned too quickly for foxy George.

The night before the race, Mr. Clegg trailed his horses up-river, loaded them in a railroad box car at a ranch stop and shipped them beyond the river within a mile of the site of the following day's race, where they were hidden in a vacant barn, along with their jockey and trainers. George walked into town, where his adversaries eagerly doubled their bets with him.

Recalling that memorable day, George Clegg chuckled. "I won every race."

Hundreds of the nation's greatest Quarter Horses, now scattered throughout the country, trace their ancestry back to those noted stallions and mares owned, bred and trained by George Clegg.

From the misty recesses of time, this pioneer breeder hesitates to specifically name a great many of what he thinks were the best horses he ever owned. A partial list, however, includes Hickory Bill, Old Sorrel, Texas star, Sam Watkins, Old Jiggs, Cotton Eyed Joe, Ed Echols, Mamie Benavides, Little Rondo, Jodie Clegg and, of course, Little Joe.

Besides Little Joe and Old Sorrel, his former horses, which elicit most memories from Mr. Clegg, include Hickory Bill. This stallion was by Peter McCue and his dam was Lucreta M. From him came such famous studs as Old Sorrel, O'Connor's Little Hickory, Little Hickory Bill, Sam Watkins, and others.

How does the modern type Quarter Horse compare with the good ones of former times?

Few men in the industry today would deny Mr. Clegg the right to be partial to the horses he knew or owned back when life was filled with the mystery and magnificence of cattle empires; when dreams were in the making; when men made their living on horseback; when horses had to prove their worth every day in the year.

He says today's horses get better care and look better than those of the past. But when it comes to getting down to real work, all day long, he believes present-day horses seldom compare with by-gone ones. "We'd work our horses on the ranch all week and then race them on Saturday or Sunday. They had to have real breeding behind them and real stamia to stand the gaff."

Persons who have known Mr. Clegg for many years describe him as a horseman and rancher who forged his way to the top in the roughest periods of America's history. To him, they say, horses were something to love and admire and care for with dignity and gentleness. There are those, including Dr. Northway, who say that no man ever lived, to their knowledge, who excelled Mr. Clegg in horsemanship; that even strange ones reacted to his rein and bidding, denoting a spiritual trust depicting affection.

The gradual corrosion of time has left its marks on the surface of George Clegg. Inwardly, he has that genuine, gratifying quality of friendly neighborliness, characteristic of the turbulent life he experienced in the cow country.

Naturally gregarious, this dean of the Quarter Horse empire now must be content with memories. His son died in 1950. There are some compensations. He lives with and is cared for by his daughter, Christine. His grandson, George Phillips, and two great-granddaughters, Christine Phillips, 8, and Barbara Phillips, 5, live at Beeville, Texas, 52 miles from Alice. The eldest great-granddaughter shows promise of carrying on the Clegg tradition of paramount horsemanship.

Reclining in a grandfather chair in his living room, Mr. Clegg thumbs through a large guest book in which we, through his insistence, added our name. Signatures of noted men and women grace page upon page. Will Rogers and Tom Mix are among those who once spoke proudly of their friend, George Clegg. The years have erased many footsteps of those who formerly came to see him and his horses. All of the horses and a few of his former companions are gone. But Mr. Clegg still looks forward to those who continue to call. He still has good friends.

He recently retold the story of Red Eagle, a riderless horse which copped a race at Hebbronville. Formerly owned by Mr. Clegg, Red Eagle was an easy victor. Prior to the race nothing had been said about weights the horses would carry. When the starting was sounded, Red Eagle, taking to the track without a rider won easily.

And then, Mr Clegg remembered a similar race he saw when he was just a boy at Cuero. An Indian horse trader emptied the purses of men in the neighborhood when he raced his horse without a rider and won the stakes.

George Clegg has won an enduring place in the history of the American Quarter Horse breed and in the hearts of those associated with it. The glory that was his is now shared by the progeny of those great horses that were one day in the Clegg pastures. Material possessions are of much less value when a great man nears the end of his race with time.

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The following text in a blocked paragraph was also printed at the end of the preceeding story:

GEORGE CLEGG SUCCUMBS

George Clegg, whose fabulous career as a breeder and racer of quarter horses is told in this issue of The Journal, passed away at a hospital in Alice, Texas, Saturday night, January 10. He had been in the hospital about a week. Through special arrangement with his long-time friend, Bill Plummer, of Houston, Mr. Clegg was privileged to have the story about him in this issue of The Journal read to him in the closing moments of his life. "Mr. Clegg liked the story very much." said Mr. Plummer. "It is a splendid tribute to a great and lovable man." Funeral and burial services were held in Alice on Monday, January 12.

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A columnist named Bill Walraven, who wrote a daily column for the Corpus Christi Caller-Times, once wrote a story that resulted from an interview he did with an old-timer from Flour Bluff, Texas, named Tom Graham. The following paragraph is from that article:

"He (Tom Graham), George Clegg and Frank McGill helped a young teacher who was working in a cotton gin at Agua Dulce get a job. They contacted the late Congressman Dick Kleberg and convinced him to hire Lyndon B. Johnson as his secretary."

(Of course, as we all know, that was the Lyndon B. Johnson who became vice president of the United States, and later, president of our great country.)

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